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Title: Impact of Generative AI (ChatGPT, Gemini, Copilot) on Learning Efficiency in the Indian Education System

Abstract: Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has emerged as one of the most influential technological developments shaping modern learning environments. Tools such as ChatGPT, Google Gemini, and Microsoft Copilot are increasingly being used by Indian students and teachers for explanation, summarization, content generation, and academic support. This study examines how these tools influence learning efficiency in the Indian education system. Using a mixed-method design consisting of a structured student–teacher survey and focused interviews, the study explores changes in understanding, productivity, doubt-clearing, academic confidence, and skill development. Findings reveal that GenAI significantly enhances conceptual clarity, reduces learning time, and supports self-paced learning. However, concerns remain regarding over-dependence, misinformation, ethical use, and unequal access. The paper concludes with recommendations for responsible AI integration in Indian classrooms.

By Shantam Babbar, Rajesh Kumar Raju, Monika Kumari
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2
Title: Modeling the Engel Curve for Sustainable Development: Strategies and Applications for the Income-Employment Nexus in South Asia

Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between national income and tourism expenditure, framed within the context of the Engel curve, for six South Asian nations with significant potential for Halal tourism: Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Utilizing a Generalized Least Squares (GLS) model on panel data from 2000 to 2024, we analyze the impact of GDP per capita on outbound tourism expenditure. Our findings indicate a positive and elastic income elasticity of tourism demand (0.989), signifying that tourism is a luxury good and that financial outlay on travel increases more than proportionally with income. The results underscore the critical opportunity for these countries to develop their Halal tourism sectors to capture a share of this elastic expenditure, thereby fostering economic diversification and employment generation. The study concludes with targeted policy recommendations aimed at leveraging this income-elastic demand for sustainable economic development.

By Md. Mahmudul Hassan, Tareq Imam Zahid
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2
Title: Minimizing the Impact of U.S. Tariffs on India’s Economic Growth: Strategic Responses and Policy Recommendations

Abstract: Due to imports of goods and particularly textiles, gems, seafood, and electronics, the United States presents tariff levels that are very high to Indian exports and this presents a great challenge to Indian trade balance and GDP. This paper will examine the economic effects of these tariffs, examine the bilateral trade pattern between India and the U.S., and provide an internal policy action to alleviate the effect. It also analyses strategic potential of the India UK Free Trade Agreement (FTA) as hedge against U.S trade headwinds. By quantitatively supported thought and sectoral knowledge, the paper draws a plan on how India can be resilient in exports and its economy.

By Nakshatra Gupta
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2
Title: Digital Payment Adoption and Its Influence on Consumer Behaviour: Evidence from Meerut District

Abstract: Digital evolution of payment services has been a crucial and evolving trend that has been witnessed in the Indian financial market. Technological advancement, government support, and a rise in smartphone devices have encouraged people to opt for more digital means of transferring money and changing the structure of financial and money markets. This paper attempts to provide an empirical analysis of how consumer behavior is shaped by the evolving nature of digital payment services, especially in Meerut districts of Meerut, a Tier-2 city that constitutes a mix of both urban and semi-urban class consumer crowd. This paper attempts to provide an empirical analysis of how consumer behavior is shaped through a structured questionnaire covering a sample size of 100 people and employed statistical methods for hypothesis testing and analysis. Findings show that demographic characteristics are not a significant factor in changes in consumer expenditure behavior and shape and are shaped by aspects such as trust, ease of convenience, and perceived usefulness of services. Additionally, it was found that ease of services of digital payment further contributes to an improvement in consumer satisfaction levels.

By S.K.S. Yadav, Samreen Khan
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2
Title: Components of the Money Supply Process in Bangladesh: An Analysis

Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive assessment of the components and effectiveness of the money supply process in Bangladesh, with a particular focus on its underlying determinants, trends, and policy implications. The primary objective is to evaluate whether the existing money supply mechanism, as implemented by the Bangladesh Bank, is effective in meeting the country’s macroeconomic objectives of price stability, economic growth, and financial stability. The research adopts a mixed-method approach, integrating both descriptive and econometric analyses. Descriptive statistics and trend analysis are used to examine the historical patterns of monetary aggregates namely the monetary base (H), money multiplier (m), narrow money (M1), and broad money (M2) over the past two decades. The results reveal that the money supply process in Bangladesh exhibits both short-run volatility and long-run stability, with the monetary base and money multiplier jointly influencing the expansion of M2. Co-integration tests confirm the existence of long-term equilibrium relationships among monetary aggregates, while ECM results suggest a moderate speed of adjustment toward equilibrium following shocks. However, structural break analysis indicates that global financial crises, domestic policy shifts, and recent pandemic-related disruptions have caused significant short-term deviations. The findings highlight that although the Bangladesh Bank’s monetary policy framework has been largely effective in steering the long-run trajectory of the money supply, challenges remain in managing short-run fluctuations and in aligning monetary expansion with real economic growth. The study concludes with policy recommendations aimed at enhancing the effectiveness of the money supply process, including improving forecasting models, strengthening monetary transmission mechanisms, and enhancing coordination between monetary and fiscal policy.

By Sabiha Akter
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2

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