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Title: GDP, Unemployment, Government Expenditure in Bangladesh: Testing the Relevance of Okun’s Law

Abstract: This study examines the dynamic relationship among Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment, and government expenditure in Bangladesh from 2010 to 2025. The analysis highlights a period of robust economic performance, with GDP growth consistently averaging above 6%, driven primarily by manufacturing, garment exports, and the service sector. Despite the significant disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which saw growth dip to 3.45%, the economy demonstrated structural resilience and a rapid recovery. Concurrently, government expenditure has expanded significantly as a fiscal tool for development, particularly through large-scale infrastructure projects and social safety nets. Public spending rose from BDT 1,217 billion in 2016 to over BDT 2,218 billion by 2025. However, this expansionary stance has not fully addressed labor market inefficiencies. Unemployment has remained relatively stable between 3% and 5%, suggesting that the link between GDP growth and job creation is weak, thereby offering only limited support for Okun’s Law in the Bangladeshi context. The study identifies persistent structural challenges, including high youth unemployment and skill mismatches, and concludes that inclusive growth policies and labor market reforms are essential to translate macroeconomic gains into sustainable employment generation.

By S.K.S. Yadav, Imran Hosen, Dhwani Gupta
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1
Title: The Dynamics of Broadcasting Law and Reality TV in India: Legal and Ethical Challenges

Abstract: In India, television reality programs have become a popular genre thanks to its relevant themes and lively content. But their quick expansion has spurred discussions about moral behavior, the effects on society, and legal issues. With an emphasis on reality television, this essay critically evaluates India's broadcasting laws and regulations, assessing how well they handle issues with participant exploitation, content manipulation, and cultural deterioration. The paper explores the legal framework that governs broadcasting in India, including the Broadcasting Content Complaints Council (BCCC) and the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995. It draws attention to the shortcomings of current legislation, which is vague in addressing the subtleties of reality programs and results in problems like manufactured narratives, participant psychological suffering, and transgressions of decency standards. These difficulties are highlighted by case studies of well-known programs like Bigg Boss, Indian Idol, and Roadies, which offer insights into the sociocultural ramifications of such programming. The study also identifies areas for improvement by contrasting India's broadcasting laws with international regulatory standards. Among the recommendations are the introduction of specific rules for reality television, the reinforcement of self-control systems, and the encouragement of media literacy among audiences. Reforming broadcasting laws in the digital age is essential, according to the report, which promotes a balanced strategy that protects the public interest, participant welfare, and creative freedom. By emphasizing the necessity of strong controls in India's changing media landscape, this study seeks to advance the conversation on media ethics and policy.

By Jyoti Rawat Lohiya, Sarika Tyagi
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1
Title: Socioeconomic Impact of Migration in Rural &Urban Population of Rajasthan

Abstract: Rajasthan, India’s largest state by area, has historically been a major source of internal and international migration due to Agro-Climatic vulnerability, water scarcity and limited industrialization. This study evaluated the data of Census 2011.Periodic Laborer Force Survey (PLFS), 2022-23 and primary survey data from some districts and examines spatial patterns, drivers, and economic impacts of migration. Results show three dominant streams: rural-urban intra state to Jaipur-Kota, rural-rural to Punjab-Haryana-Gujrat for agriculture and construction, and rural metro cities for textiles and services. Remittances constitute 7.8% of Rajasthan’s GSDP reaching 18.2% in Barmer and 14.6% in Sikar. Districts level regression indicates that 1% rise in out migration increases per capita income by Rs 1840 but reduces food grain yield by 0.6% due to laborer loss. Migration reduces poverty by 4.2% in high out migration districts but creates skill deficit, elderly care burden, and agricultural fallow. The study concludes that migration is both a coping mechanism and a development lever, requiring a migration sensitive policy integrating skill hubs, portability of welfare and remittance investment channels.

By Poonam Chaudhary
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1
Title: Technology as a Catalyst for Global Change: Innovation, Equity, and Sustainable Transformation

Abstract: Technology has emerged as a transformative force shaping global development, social equity, and environmental sustainability. From artificial intelligence and digital health systems to renewable energy and smart infrastructure, technological innovation is redefining economies, governance, and human well-being. However, unequal access to digital resources, infrastructural disparities, and ethical challenges continue to widen global inequalities. This chapter explores how technology functions as a catalyst for global change by examining its role in innovation ecosystems, social inclusion, and sustainable development. It critically analyzes digital transformation across sectors such as healthcare, education, industry, and environmental management, while addressing issues of digital divide, data governance, and ethical responsibility. The chapter further aligns technological advancements with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing inclusive innovation and policy-driven transformation. Through conceptual frameworks and global case illustrations, it proposes a balanced pathway that integrates innovation with equity and sustainability. Ultimately, the chapter argues that technology, when guided by ethical governance and inclusive policies, can serve as a powerful instrument for achieving resilient and sustainable global futures.

By Neha Soni
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1
Title: A Qualitative Analysis of 40 Case Studies on BUBT Students' Admission Experience and Satisfaction

Abstract: Based on in-depth case studies of forty students from all academic departments, this study offers a thorough qualitative examination of the admission experiences and satisfaction of students at Bangladesh University of Business and Technology (BUBT). This study finds important factors impacting admission decisions, student happiness, and retention intentions using NVivo 14 software for rigorous qualitative data analysis. The results show a complicated paradox: although 90% of students selected BUBT mainly because of its reasonably priced tuition (20,000–25,000 BDT per semester), they also voiced serious discontent with the qualifications of the instructors, classroom conduct, bullying on Facebook, and subpar housing. With 92.5% of female students satisfied, the proctorial system was found to be the most favorable element. Nonetheless, 65% of students said they had witnessed or experienced instructor annoyance in the form of yelling, canceling classes, or acting insultingly, and 85% of students desired senior teachers with PhDs. The fact that 80% of students said they would be willing to pay an additional 5,000–10,000 BDT per semester if BUBT hired internationally renowned PhD staff and addressed behavioral concerns with teachers is also remarkable. Additionally, 45% of students saw their institution rating as a direct advantage for their own careers, according to the report. Eight evidence-based recommendations, with projected implementation timescales ranging from immediate to two years, are included in the research's conclusion. These recommendations include urgent PhD faculty recruitment, teacher training programs, hostel expansion, and official Facebook group moderating.

By S.K.S. Yadav, Tasfiunnoor Pinky, Dhwani Gupta
In Volume: 15,Issue: 1

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