Abstract: This research report examines innovative business models in energy finance as a service (EFaaS) and leasing mechanisms within the Mexican energy sector. As México transitions toward renewable energy and sustainable development goals, novel financing structures have emerged to overcome traditional barriers to energy infrastructure investment. Results demonstrate that energy leasing and service-based models have achieved significant market traction, particularly in commercial solar photovoltaic installations and energy efficiency projects. Findings reveal that successful models incorporate flexible payment structures, comprehensive maintenance services, and performance guarantees that align incentives between service providers and clients. The discussion addresses regulatory enablers, financing innovations, and technology integration strategies that facilitate model adoption. The report concludes that EFaaS and leasing models represent transformative mechanisms for accelerating Mexico's energy transition, with implications for policy development, financial sector engagement, and sustainable infrastructure deployment.
Abstract: The Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 (IBC) was enacted to ensure time-bound insolvency resolution, maximisation of asset value, and balancing of stakeholders’ interests. Nevertheless, increasing procedural delays, adversarial litigation, and mounting pendency before the National nyny Law Tribunal (NCLT) have diluted the efficiency of the insolvency framework. In this evolving context, mediation has emerged as a constructive and commercially viable mechanism capable of harmonising creditor-debtor relations while preserving enterprise value. The enactment of the Mediation Act marks a significant legislative shift towards institutional and pre-litigation mediation in India’s dispute resolution architecture. This paper critically examines the growing interface between mediation and insolvency law in India with special reference to recent developments under the IBC regime. It analyses how consensual dispute resolution can supplement the rigid adjudicatory model of insolvency proceedings, particularly in operational debt disputes, inter-creditor disagreements, avoidance transactions, and pre-packaged insolvency mechanisms. The study further evaluates the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Board of India’s proposal permitting operational creditors to opt for mediation prior to initiating proceedings under Section 9 of the IBC, thereby institutionalising a culture of negotiated settlements within insolvency jurisprudence. The paper argues that mediation can substantially reduce litigation costs, preserve business continuity, maintain commercial relationships, and decongest insolvency tribunals without undermining the objectives of the IBC. It also explores the compatibility of mediated settlements with the principles of creditor autonomy, procedural fairness, and economic efficiency. By examining comparative global practices and contemporary Indian reforms, the paper concludes that mediation represents not merely an adjunct remedy but a transformative jurisprudential tool capable of reshaping insolvency governance in India from adversarial resolution to collaborative restructuring.
Abstract: In India, television reality programs have become a popular genre thanks to its relevant themes and lively content. But their quick expansion has spurred discussions about moral behavior, the effects on society, and legal issues. With an emphasis on reality television, this essay critically evaluates India's broadcasting laws and regulations, assessing how well they handle issues with participant exploitation, content manipulation, and cultural deterioration. The paper explores the legal framework that governs broadcasting in India, including the Broadcasting Content Complaints Council (BCCC) and the Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Act, 1995. It draws attention to the shortcomings of current legislation, which is vague in addressing the subtleties of reality programs and results in problems like manufactured narratives, participant psychological suffering, and transgressions of decency standards. These difficulties are highlighted by case studies of well-known programs like Bigg Boss, Indian Idol, and Roadies, which offer insights into the sociocultural ramifications of such programming. The study also identifies areas for improvement by contrasting India's broadcasting laws with international regulatory standards. Among the recommendations are the introduction of specific rules for reality television, the reinforcement of self-control systems, and the encouragement of media literacy among audiences. Reforming broadcasting laws in the digital age is essential, according to the report, which promotes a balanced strategy that protects the public interest, participant welfare, and creative freedom. By emphasizing the necessity of strong controls in India's changing media landscape, this study seeks to advance the conversation on media ethics and policy.
Abstract: Generation Y, commonly identified as Millennials, comprises individuals born between 1981 and 1996. Characterized by profound digital immersion and technological proficiency, this cohort has been significantly influenced by the pervasive expansion of social media. Consequently, social media advertising has emerged as a formidable catalyst in shaping their purchase intentions, consumption patterns, and brand preferences. The present study investigates the multifaceted influence of social media advertising on the buying behaviour of Generation Y consumers within the contemporary digital marketplace.
The findings unequivocally demonstrate that social media advertising exerts a profound influence on the lifestyle orientations, consumption behaviour, and purchase decision-making processes of Generation Y consumers. The ubiquitous proliferation of digital platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, YouTube, WhatsApp, and X (formerly Twitter) has fundamentally reconfigured the dynamics of consumer–brand interaction. By facilitating instantaneous access to comprehensive product information, authentic consumer reviews, algorithmically curated recommendations, and influencer-generated endorsements, social media advertising substantially shapes consumer perceptions, reinforces purchase intentions, and cultivates enduring brand predispositions within the contemporary digital ecosystem.
The study further highlights that Generation Y consumers actively engage with digital content and rely heavily on online reviews and peer recommendations before making purchases. Businesses and marketers can therefore better understand consumer expectations and design effective advertising strategies to attract and retain this segment. The research concludes that social media advertising has become an essential marketing tool influencing Generation Y’s buying behaviour in the modern digital economy.
Abstract: This study examines the dynamic relationship among Gross Domestic Product (GDP), unemployment, and government expenditure in Bangladesh from 2010 to 2025. The analysis highlights a period of robust economic performance, with GDP growth consistently averaging above 6%, driven primarily by manufacturing, garment exports, and the service sector. Despite the significant disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, which saw growth dip to 3.45%, the economy demonstrated structural resilience and a rapid recovery.
Concurrently, government expenditure has expanded significantly as a fiscal tool for development, particularly through large-scale infrastructure projects and social safety nets. Public spending rose from BDT 1,217 billion in 2016 to over BDT 2,218 billion by 2025. However, this expansionary stance has not fully addressed labor market inefficiencies. Unemployment has remained relatively stable between 3% and 5%, suggesting that the link between GDP growth and job creation is weak, thereby offering only limited support for Okun’s Law in the Bangladeshi context. The study identifies persistent structural challenges, including high youth unemployment and skill mismatches, and concludes that inclusive growth policies and labor market reforms are essential to translate macroeconomic gains into sustainable employment generation.