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Title: Impact of Global Economic Uncertainty on the Financial Performance of the National Stock Exchange (NSE): A Study from 2021–2025

Abstract: The National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India plays a crucial role in trading stocks, derivatives, and debt instruments. Between 2021 and 2025, global economic uncertainty, driven by pandemic effects, fluctuating interest rates, geopolitical conflicts, and shifts in capital movements, significantly impacted financial markets, including the NSE. This research investigates how challenges like post-pandemic recovery, changes in foreign investment, and tightening monetary policies affected the NSE’s income and trading activity. By analysing secondary data from financial statements and economic reports, the study evaluates trends in revenue, net profits, and trading volumes. Increased global uncertainty led to market volatility and corrections in equity indices. Despite these challenges, the NSE's robust domestic investor base and diversified revenue helped mitigate adverse effects. The findings highlight the importance of adaptive risk management and regulatory consistency in maintaining financial performance during global instability.

By Arvind Kumar Yadav, Shamshad Khan
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2
Title: Comparative Analysis of Risk Management Strategies for Non-Performing Assets: A Case Study of SBI and ICICI Bank in India

Abstract: This study examines the differential approach to risk management strategies concerning Non-Performing Assets (NPA) within India's two foremost banks – the Indian Public Sector Bank, State Bank of India (SBI) and the Indian Private Sector Bank, ICICI Bank. While comparing the two banks, using a mixed-method approach, the research combines quantitative analysis of trends in financial indicators (Gross and Net NPA ratios, Provision Coverage Ratio and Return on Assets) and a qualitative analysis of credit appraisal and monitoring and recovery frameworks. Data from 2010-2025 were taken from RBI publications, annual reports and credible academic studies, so there was authenticity and reliability of data. Findings show that SBI's recovery centered reforms such as better provisioning (PCR increase from 70.88% to 75%), restructuring under Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) and improved post-sanction monitoring have led to a reduction in Gross NPAs by 47% and significant improvement in profitability (ROA increased from 0.48% to 1.1%). On the other hand , ICICI Bank's proactive and technology-driven risk model, with AI-driven early warning systems, digitised credit scoring and stringent underwriting, regularly maintained low NPAs (down from 3.05% to 1.67%) and enhanced profitability (ROA doubling to 2.0%). Correlation study reports we see that there is a very strong inverse relationship between NPAs, provisioning, Net NPA ratio and profitability (r approx –0.9) which means as NPAs and provisioning go up Net NPA ratio and profitability goes down. This is proof that what we put in place for credit assessment, early identification and recovery does in fact directly improve banks’ performance. We found out that what made SBI successful was its recovery and restructurizing which made ICICI’s success was in prevention and technology based monitoring. Also brought to light is the fact that what is key in the Indian banking system is the integration between AI, data analysis and good governance which banks use in risk management and in the end in the maintenance of asset quality in a sustainable way.

By Achintya Kumar Gupta, Narendra Pal Singh
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2
Title: Technology as a Catalyst for Global Change: Innovation, Equity, and Sustainable Transformation

Abstract: Technology has emerged as a transformative force shaping global development, social equity, and environmental sustainability. From artificial intelligence and digital health systems to renewable energy and smart infrastructure, technological innovation is redefining economies, governance, and human well-being. However, unequal access to digital resources, infrastructural disparities, and ethical challenges continue to widen global inequalities. This chapter explores how technology functions as a catalyst for global change by examining its role in innovation ecosystems, social inclusion, and sustainable development. It critically analyzes digital transformation across sectors such as healthcare, education, industry, and environmental management, while addressing issues of digital divide, data governance, and ethical responsibility. The chapter further aligns technological advancements with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), emphasizing inclusive innovation and policy-driven transformation. Through conceptual frameworks and global case illustrations, it proposes a balanced pathway that integrates innovation with equity and sustainability. Ultimately, the chapter argues that technology, when guided by ethical governance and inclusive policies, can serve as a powerful instrument for achieving resilient and sustainable global futures.

By Neha Soni
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2
Title: Attitudinal and Contextual Barriers to Green Product Adoption among Educators and Administration: A Case Study of Educational Institutions in Meerut

Abstract: This study investigates the perceived barriers hindering the adoption of green products within the educational ecosystem of Meerut, India, specifically adopting an institutional perspective. Recognizing educational institutions as crucial agents for promoting sustainability, the research aims to identify the structural, procedural, and normative impediments faced by schools, colleges, and universities in transitioning towards environmentally preferable goods and services. Utilizing a qualitative approach, data was gathered from secondary sources, through online mode and focus group discussions with key institutional stakeholders, including administrators, and faculty members in Meerut. The analysis reveals a complex interplay of perceived barriers operating at multiple institutional levels. Key impediments identified include: 1) Economic Constraints: Predominant concerns regarding the higher initial costs, green products and stringent, inflexible budgetary allocations; 2) Structural & Procedural Hurdles: Lack of clear institutional green procurement policies, cumbersome bureaucratic approval processes, and limited access to reliable suppliers/vendors offering certified green alternatives; 3) Behavioral & Awareness Factors: Insufficient institutional commitment and leadership prioritization, resistance to changing established procurement habits, and a lack of awareness or training among institution stakeholders regarding the benefits and availability of green options. The findings emphasize that overcoming these barriers requires targeted intervention sat the institutional level, including the formulation of supportive green procurement policies, dedicated budgetary provisions, streamlined processes, capacity building, and fostering a stronger organizational culture of sustainability.

By S.K.S. Yadav, Avika Baliyan
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2
Title: Liquidity Crisis in the Banking Sector: Actions, Implementation, and Solutions: Bangladesh Perspective

Abstract: This research report provides an in-depth analysis of the persistent liquidity crisis within Bangladesh's banking sector. Characterized by a severe shortage of available cash to meet obligations, the crisis threatens financial stability and long-term economic growth. The study identifies the multifaceted causes of the crisis, which are predominantly rooted in systemic governance failures rather than external shocks. Key factors include alarming levels of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs) driven by poor credit governance and willful defaults, a declining trend in deposit growth, significant capital flight, and foreign currency mismanagement. The report assesses the profound impacts of this crisis, including constrained credit flow to productive sectors, erosion of public trust, and heightened systemic risk. It evaluates recent regulatory interventions by Bangladesh Bank, such as the unification of weak banks and the introduction of the Bank Resolution Ordinance 2025. Through analytical review, the report concludes that while these are positive steps, their long-term efficacy depends on rigorous implementation. The study recommends a holistic strategy encompassing stringent governance reforms, aggressive NPL resolution through asset reconstruction companies, monetary and fiscal policy coordination, technological integration for transparency, and confidence-building measures to attract deposits. The findings underscore that a sustainable solution requires unwavering political will to address deep-seated institutional corruption and mismanagement.

By Selina Akhter
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2
Title: Building Resilience in the Gig Economy: A Systematic Review of Adaptive Strategies and Future Research Agendas

Abstract: Purpose: This article examines the role that psychological resilience plays in helping gig workers navigate the uncertainties and pressures of platform-based labour. The primary objective is to identify important elements contributing resilience and propose practical implications for those in HR positions and for policy makers. Design/methodology/approach: A systematic literature review was conducted in the Scopus database searching from 1,528 studies published between 2015 and 2025. A total of 56 peer-reviewed articles were selected for systematic review after careful examination. The data for study was also visualized to reflect sources, co-authorship relations, and the connections of their keywords. Findings: The research finds that psychological resilience in gig workers is a function of the right mixture of personal characteristics (such as optimism and good emotional control), how meaningful they find their work, and how strong their social support system is. Conversely, resilience is eroded by the problems of surveillance algorithms, precarious income, and social isolation. Effective answers include transparent control of algorithms, built-in well-being resources in apps, digital peer support groups, and portable benefits. There are still research gaps, especially concerning longitudinal data, representation from the Global South and larger-scale interventions. Practical Implications HR professionals and platform managers can enhance resilience by introducing mental health resources, promoting peer support and positively acknowledging gig workers’ contributions. Policymakers should focus on legal status, data rights and social protection to make gig work a viable choice.

By Aakanksha Bansal, Pankaj Kumar
In Volume: 14,Issue: 2

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